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(7.2) a. /The robbery/ took place at /7:15
last night/.
b. <Three
men in leather jackets> went directly to /the
entrance of the Sanyue Department
Store at Jinliyuan
Shandao at Qichao Road,
Tongluowan/,
c. ¡ª¡ª immediately
masked /themselves/ with <silk
stockings>.
d. <One of
the robbers> holding <a gun> waited outside
/the glass door/;
e. /the other
two/ holding <guns> rushed to
/the jewelry department
near the entrance/,
f. ¡ª¡ª threatened
with /the guns/ <eight or nine male
and female employees>.
2.7 Àý(7.1)Õû¶ÎµÄÖ÷ÌâÊÇÉÏÎÄÒýÈëµÄÇÀ½Ù°¸£¬¡°°¸¡±´¦ÓÚµÚÒ»
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2.9 ´Ó(7.2)¿É¿´³ö£¬Ó¢ÓﶨָÐÔÖ÷Ҫͨ¹ý¹Ú´Ê±íʾ¡£Ó¢ÓïÒëÎÄ
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3.2 ÎÒÃÇÇëѧϰººÓïÈýÄ꼶¿Î³ÌµÄÃÀ¹ú´óѧÉú½«Àý(8.1)µÄÒ»¶Î
Ó¢Óï·Òë³ÉººÓ¼ûÀý(8.2)¡£Í¬Ñù£¬ÒëÎÄÀïÓÃ//±íʾ²»¶¨Ö¸£¬ÓÃ
<>±íʾ¶¨Ö¸¡£
(8.1) a. /Miss Xie/ is <a graduate student
from China>.
b. Now /she/
is studying /American literature/ in /the
Department of English/.
c. /she/ likes
/American literature/ very much and
d. reads <a
lot> about /the subject/.
e. /She is known
by <some professors and students> of
/the University
f. and is sometimes
invited to <a dinner>.
(8.2) a. /лС½ã/ÊÇ<´ÓÖйúÀ´µÄÑо¿Éú>¡£
b. /Ëý/ÏÖÔÚ/Ó¢ÎÄϵ/Àïѧ/ÃÀ¹úÎÄѧ/¡£
c. /Ëý/Ò²ºÜϲ»¶/ÃÀ¹úÎÄѧ/¡£
d. ¡ª¡ª Ò²¶Á¹ý<ºÜ¶à¿Î±¾¹ØÓÚÕâÒ»¿Î>¡£
e. ÔÚ/´óѧ/Àï<ÓÐЩ½ÌÊÚ¸úѧÉú>ÈÏʶ/Ëý/¡£
f. ¡ª¡ª <ÓÐʱºò>±»ÇëÈ¥³Ô<·¹>¡£
3.3 Àý(8.2a)£¬×¨ÓÃÃû´Ê¶ÌÓлС½ã¡±ÊǶ¨Ö¸£¬Ò²ÊÇÖ÷Ìâ¡£
Àý(8.2b)£¬Èý¸öÃû´Ê¶ÌÓï¾ùΪ¶¨Ö¸£¬ÈÔÒÔ¡°Ð»Ð¡½ã¡±ÎªÖ÷Ìâ¡£¡°Ð»
С½ã¡±Í¬ÑùÒ²ÊÇÀý(8.2c)ºÍÀý(8.2d)µÄ¾äÖ÷Ìâ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Àý(8.2e)£¬¾ä
Ö÷Ìâ¸ÄΪ¡°ÔÚ´óѧÀ¡£µ½Àý(8.2f)£¬¾äÖ÷ÌâÓÖ»¹ÔΪ¡°Ð»Ð¡½ã¡±
£¨ËäȻûÓбíʾ³öÀ´£©¡£³ýÁËÀý(8.2d)µÄ½é´Ê¶ÌÓï¡°¹ØÓÚÕâÒ»¿Î¡±
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(8.2f)ÓÖÓÉ¡°±»¡±×Ö¾ä±äΪ¡°Ð»Ð¡½ã¡±¡£
3.4 ¶øÁíһλѧÉú¶Ôͬһ¶ÎÓ¢ÓïµÄ·ÒëÀý(9)£¬Ôò½ÏºÃµØ±£³Ö
ÁËÖ÷ÌâÁ¬¹áÐÔ¡£
(9) a. /лС½ã/ÊÇ<һλ´ÓÖйúÀ´µÄÑо¿Éú>¡£
b. /Ëý/ÏÖÔÚÔÚ/Ó¢Óïϵ/ѧ/ÃÀ¹úÎÄѧ/¡£
c. /Ëý/ºÜϲ»¶/ÃÀ¹úÎÄѧ/¡£
d. ¡ª¡ª ¿´ÁË<ºÜ¶àÕâ¸öרÌâµÄÊé>¡£
e. <ÓеĴóѧÉúºÍ½ÌÊÚ>ÈÏʶ/Ëý/¡£
f. ¡ª¡ª <ÓеÄʱºò>ÇëËý³Ô<·¹>¡£
Àý(9a-d)ÕâÇ°Ëľ䶼ÒÔ¡°Ð»Ð¡½ã¡±Îª¾äÖ÷Ì⣬Õâ¸öÃû´Ê¶ÌÓïÒ²¶¼ÊÇ
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Ö÷Ìâ¡°Ëý¡±Ò²¶¼±È±ðµÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓïµÄλÖÿ¿Ç°¡£Àý(9d)£¬²»¶¨Ãû´Ê¶Ì
Óï¡°ºÜ¶àÕâ¸öרÌâµÄÊ顱ҲÔÚ¶¯´Êºó¡£Àý(9e)Óá°Óеġ±ÒýÈëÐÂÖ÷
Ìâ¡°ÓеĴóѧÉúºÍ½ÌÊÚ¡±£¬¶ø°Ñ·ÇÖ÷Ìâ¡°Ëý¡±ÒƵ½¶¯´Ê¡°ÈÏʶ¡±
ºó¡£Àý(9f)µÄ¾äÖ÷ÌâÈÔÈ»ÊÇ¡°ÓеĴóѧÉúºÍ½ÌÊÚ¡±£¬µ«±»Ê¡ÂÔ¡£Àý
(9)±ÈÀý(8.2)µÄÓÅʤ֮´¦¾ÍÊǾäÖ÷ÌâÖ»±äÁËÒ»´Î¡£
3.5 ¿ÉÒÔÏë¼û£¬ººÓïºÍÓ¢Óï¶Ô²»Í¬»°ÓïÌØÕ÷µÄÇ¿µ÷£¬Ò²»á¸ÉÈÅ
ĸÓïΪººÓïµÄÈ˵ĺºÒëÓ¢¹ý³Ì¡£Àý(10.1)ÊǺºÓïÔÎÄ£¬Àý(10.2)ÊÇÓÉ
ĸÓïΪººÓïÕßµÄÓ¢ÓïÒëÎÄ¡£Àý(10.3)ÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÒëÎÄ¡£
(10.1) a. /ÐÂÖйú/³ÉÁ¢ÒÔºó£¬/µ³ºÍ¹ú¼Ò/Ê®·ÖÖØÊÓ/½ÌÓýÊÂ
Òµ/¡£
b. ¾¡¹ÜÔÚ/Ê®Äê¡°ÎÄ»¯´ó¸ïÃü¡±/ÖУ¬/ɽÎ÷/ºÍ/È«¹ú/
Ò»Ñù£¬/½ÌÓýÊÂÒµ/Êܵ½<ÑÏÖØÆÆ»µ>£¬
c. µ«ÔÚ·ÛËé/ËÄÈË°ï/ÒÔºó£¬ÔÚ/µ³ºÍÕþ¸®µÄ¹Ø»³/Ï£¬
/½ÌÓýÊÂÒµ/ºÜ¿ì×ßÉÏ<Õý¹ì>£¬
d. ¾¹ý/½üÊ®ÄêµÄ·¢Õ¹/£¬/ɽÎ÷µÄ¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÊÂÒµ/³ÊÏÖ
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(10.2) a. Since /the founding of the New China/,
/the Party
and the state/ have devoted
<great attention> to /the
development of education/.
b. Although /education in Shanxi/ suffered from
<serious sabotage> during
/the ten-year upheaval of the
cultural revolution/ (1966-1976),
as did /the whole
country/,
c. /the educational projects/ were soon put back on
/the right course of development/
after /the crushing of
the Gang of Four/, thanks
to /the concern of the Party
and the state/.
d. Following /the development of nearly ten years/,
/higher education in Shanxi/
presents <a picture of
vigorous and prosperous
development>.
(10.3) a. Since /the founding of New China/,
/the Party and
state/ have paid <great
attention> to /the development of
education/.
b. Like <other places in China>, /Shanxi/ suffered
from /the serious sabotage
of the ten-year upheaval of the
cultural revolution/ (1966-1976)
in <education>.
c. After /the smashing of the 'Gang of Four'/,
<educational undertakings>
were soon put on /the right
path of development/ under
/the concern of the Party and
state/.
d. Through <ten years' recovery and hard work>
/higher education in Shanxi/
is now presenting <a picture
of vigorous and prosperous
development>.
3.6 Àý(10.2)µÄÓ¢ÓïÒëÎıȽϺõر£³ÖÁËÀý(10.1)ººÓïÔÎÄËù±í
ʾµÄ¶¨Ö¸ÐÔ¡£È磬Àý(10.1a)µÄ¶¨Ö¸Ãû´Ê¶ÌÓï¡°ÐÂÖйú¡±£¬Àý(10.1b)
µÄ¶¨Ö¸Ãû´Ê¶ÌÓï¡°È«¹ú¡±£¬Àý(10.1c)µÄ¶¨Ö¸Ãû´Ê¶ÌÓï¡°½ÌÓýÊÂ
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·Òë³É´ø¶¨¹Ú´ÊtheµÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓ¼´Àý(10.2a)the New China£¬Àý
(10.2b)the whole country£¬Àý(10.2c)the educational projects£¬Àý
(10.2d) the development of nearly ten years¡£ÔÚ¶àÊýÇé¿öÏ£¬ººÓï
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ûÓÐÏñÀý(10.2)ÄÇÑù½ÏΪÖÒʵµØ±íʾÔÎĵĶ¨Ö¸ÐÔ¡£Àý(10.1b)¶¨Ö¸
µÄ¡°È«¹ú¡±ÔÚÀý(10.3b)ÒëΪ²»¶¨Ö¸µÄother places in China£¬¶øÀý
(10.1b)²»¶¨µÄ¡°ÑÏÖØÆÆ»µ¡±È´Òë³Éthe serious sabotage¡£Àý(10.1c)¶¨
Ö¸µÄ¡°½ÌÓýÊÂÒµ¡±ÔÚÀý(10.3c)ÒëΪ²»¶¨µÄeducational undertakings¡£
Àý(10.1d)¶¨Ö¸µÄ¡°½üÊ®ÄêµÄ·¢Õ¹¡±ÔÚÀý(10.3d)ÒëΪ²»¶¨µÄten
years' recovery¡£
3.8 ͬʱ£¬Àý(10.3)Ó¢ÓïÒëÎÄÓб£ÁôÁËÀý(10.1)ººÓïÔÎĵÄËùÓÐ
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¢ÙÓ¢ÎÄÔÎĵÚ1½ÚÖ÷ÒªÓÉRobert de Beaugrande׫д£¬µÚ2-4½Ú
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²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
Beaugrande, Robert de(1978): ¡¶Factors in
a Theory of Poetic
Translating¡·£¬°¢Ä·Ë¹Ìص¤¡£
Beaugrande, Robert de(1980): ¡¶Text, Discourse,
and Process:
Toward a Multi-disciplinary Science of Texts¡·, ÐÂÔóÎ÷£¬ÅµÎéµÂ¡£
Beaugrande, Robert de(1984): ¡¶Text Production¡·£¬ÐÂÔóÎ÷£¬
ŵÎéµÂ¡£
Beaugrande, Robert de(1987a): ¡¶Translation
as Text Processing¡·£¬
AILA ¹ú¼Ê·ÒëѧÑÐÌֻᣬµÂ¹úÏ£¶ûµÂ˹º£Ä·¡£ÔØALSED-LSPͨ
Ѷ£¬10/1(24), 2-22¡£
Beaugrande, Robert de(1987b): ¡¶Determinacy
Distribution in
Complex Systems: Science, Language, Linguistics, Life¡·, ÔØ
¡¶Zeitschrift fur Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und
Kommunikationsforschung¡·£¬40/1987, 145-188¡£
Beaugrande, Robert de(1987c): ¡¶Semantics
and Text
Meaning Retrospects and Prospects¡·, ÔØ¡¶Journal of Semantics¡·£¬
5£¬89-121¡£
Catford, J. (1965): ¡¶A Linguistic Theory
of Translation¡·, Â×
¶Ø¡£
Chu, Chauncey C. (Çü³Ðìä)(1983):¡¶A Reference
Grammar of
Mandarin Chinese for English Speakers¡·, ŦԼ¡£
Graustein, G.¡¢W. Thiele(1987):¡¶Properties
of English Texts¡·£¬
µÂ¹úÀ³±ÈÎý¡£
Hu, Mingliang(ºúÃ÷ÁÁ)(1987):¡¶Definiteness
and Word Order
in Mandarin Chinese¡·£¬·ðÂÞÀï´ï´óѧ¿Î³ÌÂÛÎÄ¡£
Li, Charles(ÀîÚ«)¡¢Sandra Thompson(ÌÀɺµÏ)(1974):
¡¶The
Semantic Function of Word Order: A Case Study in Mandarin
Chinese¡·£¬ÔØCharles Li±à¡¶Word Order and Word Order
Change¡·, ÃÀ¹ú°Â˹͡, 163-195Ò³¡£
Neubert, A(1985): ¡¶Text and Translation¡·,
ÔØ¡¶Ubersetzung£
wissenschaftliche Beitrage¡·£¬µÚ8¾í, µÂ¹úÀ³±ÈÎý¡£
Neubert, A(1987a):¡¶Textbezogene Aquivalenz¡·,
ÔØR. Arntz
±à¡¶Textlinguistik und Fachsprachen£ºMaterialien des
Internationalen ubersetzungswissen-schaftlichen AILA-Symposiums¡·£¬
µÂ¹úÏ£¶ûµÂ˹º£Ä·, 13-16 April 1987¡£
Ransom, E. N.(1977):¡¶Definiteness, Animacy,
and NP
Ordering¡·£¬ÔØ¡¶Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the
Berkeley Linguistic Society¡·£¬418-429Ò³¡£
Sun, Chaofen(Ëﳯ·Ü)(1986): ¡¶The Discourse
Function of the
Numeral Classifiers in Mandarin Chinese¡·£¬µÚ19½ì¹ú¼Êºº²ØÓïÑÔ
¼°ÓïÑÔѧÑÐÌÖ»áÂÛÎÄ¡£
(Ó¢ÎÄÔÔØHeide Schmidt(1989)±à¡¶Interferenz in der Translation¡·,
ººÒëÎĵÚ2-4½ÚÓиö±ð¸Ä¶¯)