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Îó¡£
(16) a. Sports meet can promote physical culture
and build up
the people's health. (Òý×Ô±ÊÕßÊÕ¼¯µÄÓïÁÏ£©
b. Altogether,
I examined 21 dialogues. As a result of
preliminary study, I found
complimenting appears most
frequently in these dialogues.
I copied each incidence under
it. (Johns 1984)
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1984:71)¡£ÕâÁ½¶ÎÓïÁϵÄ×÷Õ߶¼ÊÇÓ¢Óï¸ßÄ꼶ѧÉú£¬µ«ÊÇËûÃÇÔÚʹ
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д×÷Öйý¶àʹÓÃÖ÷ÌâÊöÓï½á¹¹(Krashen 1983:146; Rutherford
1983)¡£ººÓï·¢ÉúÕâÑùµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£¬ÊÇÒòΪÓïÑÔѧϰÕßÔÚʹÓÃÄ¿±êÓïÑÔ
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Ðò£¬ËäÈ»»áºöÂÔÖ÷νºôÓ¦ (Krashen 1983)¡£Rutherford (1983)µÄµ÷
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(17a-b)ÊÇRutherfordÊÕ¼¯µÄÀý×Ó¡£
(17) a. (All people can choose their mate
in their own way.)
These ways almost can classify
two types.
b. A man chooses
a wife is a man's business.
Àý(17a)£¬Ö÷Ìâthese ways(ÕâЩ·½·¨)£¬ËäÈ»±»µ±×÷Ö÷Óµ«²¢²»ÊÇ
classify(·ÖÀà)µÄÊ©Ê£¬¾ä×Ó²»ºÏÓï·¨¡£¸ù¾ÝRutherford£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ¾ä
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(17b)£¬´Ó¾äa man chooses a wifeÊÇÈ«¾äµÄÖ÷Ì⣬µ«ÊÇȴûÓÐÕýÈ·
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µÄ´í¾ä(18a)¡£
(18) a. Here I want to mention my dormitory
maybe was the
cleanest one which was taken
photos by the Organization.
b. Here I want
to mention that my dormitory maybe was
the one and photos were
taken by the Organization.
Àý(18a)ÖУ¬Ñ§ÉúÒÔmy dormitoryΪ¶¨Óï´Ó¾äµÄÖ÷Ì⣬²¢½«Æä±êΪ
Ö÷Ó½á¹ûÊÇ´íµÄ¡£ËûµÄÀÏʦ½«´í¾ä¸ÄΪ(18b)£¬ÆäÖеĴӾäÓÃ
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(19) She is an able woman. At home, she can
not only do all
the household chores well
but also put all the things in
good order. After I enter
into my house, I will see: in the
dining room, hot food is
serving on the table, and she is
sitting at the table with
a smile on her face waiting for
me; in the sitting room,
clothes are hanging on the
clothes-rack....
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home£¬in the dining room, in the sitting room ºÍÒ»¸ö×´Óï´Ó¾ä
after I enter into my house¡£´ÓÓï·¨ÉÏ¿´£¬°ÑÕâЩ״Óï·ÅÔÚ¾äÊײ¢
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(20) I have smoked for more than two years.
Now I really feel
that smoking does harm my
health and have to give it up.
I never smoked before I
entered college. I can tell you how
I began to smoke. That was....
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Bates, Elizabeth¡¢Brian MacWhinney(1982):
¡¶Functional
Approaches to Grammar¡·, Eric Wanner¡¢Lila R. GleitmanÖ÷±à
¡¶Language Acquisition: The State of Art¡·£¬½£ÇÅ´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬
173-218Ò³¡£
Chafe, Wallace(1975)£º¡¶Givenness, Contrastiveness,
Definiteness, Subject, Topics, and Point of View¡·, ÀîÚ«±à
¡¶Subject and Topic¡·, New York: Academic Press, 25-55Ò³¡£
Chu, Chauncey C. (Çü³Ðìä)(1984): ¡¶Topic,
Anaphora, and
Subordination as Main Devices of Cohesion in ESL Writing¡·£¬
¼û¡¶English Teaching and Learning¡·34ÆÚ£¬36-50Ò³¡£
Gass, Susan¡¢Larry Selinker(1983): ¡¶Language
Transfer in
Language Learning¡·£¬Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers.
Hu, Mingliang(ºúÃ÷ÁÁ)(1987)£º¡¶Definiteness
and Word Order
in Mandarin Chinese¡·, 1987ÄêÖÐÎĽÌʦлáÄê»áÂÛÎÄ¡£
Hu, Mingliang(ºúÃ÷ÁÁ)(1989)£º¡¶Learning between
Chinese
and English¡·, 1989ÄêÖÐÎĽÌʦлáÄê»áÂÛÎÄ¡£
ºúÔ£Ê÷(1981): ¡¶ÏÖ´úººÓï¡·£¬ÉϺ£½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç¡£
Johns, Ann M. (1984): ¡¶Textual Cohesion and
the Chinese
Speaker of English¡·£¬¼û¡¶Language Learning and Communi-
cation¡·µÚ3ÆÚ£¬1-92Ò³¡£
Krashen, Stephen(1983):¡¶Newmark's "Ignorance
Hypothesis"
and Current Second Language Acquisition Theory¡·£¬¼ûSusan
Gass¡¢Larry Selinker (1983), 135-151Ò³¡£
Li, Charles N.(ÀîÚ«)¡¢Sandra A. Thompson(ÌÀɺµÏ)
(1974):
¡¶The Semantic Function of Word Order: A Case Study in
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Press.
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and
Language Transfer¡·£¬¼ûSusan Gass¡¢Larry Selinker(1983),
358-370Ò³¡£
Trevise, Anne(1986): ¡¶Is It Transferable,
Topicalization?¡·£¬
¼ûEric Kellerman¡¢Michael Sharwood±à¡¶Crosslinguistic
Influence in Second Language Acquisition¡·£¬New York:
Pergamon Press. 186-206Ò³¡£
ÍõÁ¦(1980)£º¡¶ººÓïÊ·¸å¡·£¬±±¾©ÖлªÊé¾Ö¡£
£¨Ó¢ÎÄÔÎÄÔø·¢±íÓÚÃÀ¹ú¡¶ÖÐÎĽÌʦлá»á¿¯¡·1992Äê2/3ÔÂ
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