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ÊÇʹÓùڴʺʹú´ÊµÄ´íÎ󡣺ú(1989)µÄµ÷²éÒ²±íÃ÷£¬ÖйúÈËѧϰ
Ó¢ÓïʱËù·¸µÄ´íÎóÖУ¬¹Ú´Ê·½ÃæµÄ´íÎó±ÈÓïÐòºÍÆäËû´ÊÀàµÄ´íÎó
¶à¡£ÖйúѧÉúËùдµÄÀý(16a)ºÍÀý(16b)£¬¾ÍÓйڴʺʹú´Ê·½ÃæµÄ´í
Îó¡£
     (16) a. Sports meet can promote physical culture and build up
        the people's health. (Òý×Ô±ÊÕßÊÕ¼¯µÄÓïÁÏ£©
          b. Altogether, I examined 21 dialogues. As a result of
        preliminary study, I found complimenting appears most
        frequently in these dialogues. I copied each incidence under
        it. (Johns 1984)
Àý(16a)£¬Ãû´Ê¶ÌÓïsports meet(Ô˶¯»á)Ç°ÉÙÁËÒ»¸ö¶¨¹Ú´Ê£¬µ«Õ⻹
²»Ó°Ïì¶Ô¾ä×ÓµÄÀí½â¡£Àý(16b)£¬´ú´ÊitµÄËùÖ¸²»Çå³þ£¬ÎÒÃÇÄÑÒÔÅÐ
¶ÏÕâ¸öitÊÇÖ¸dialogues£¨¶Ô»°£©»¹ÊÇÖ¸complimenting(¿äÔÞ)(Johns
1984:71)¡£ÕâÁ½¶ÎÓïÁϵÄ×÷Õ߶¼ÊÇÓ¢Óï¸ßÄ꼶ѧÉú£¬µ«ÊÇËûÃÇÔÚʹ
Óùڴʺʹú´Ê·½Ã棬¸úÓ¢ÓïΪĸÓïµÄÈË»¹ÓоàÀë¡£
     ѧÕßÔøÖ¸³ö£¬ººÓïΪĸÓïµÄÈËѧϰӢÓïʱ£¬»áÔÚËûÃǵÄÓ¢Óï
д×÷Öйý¶àʹÓÃÖ÷ÌâÊöÓï½á¹¹(Krashen 1983:146; Rutherford
1983)¡£ººÓï·¢ÉúÕâÑùµÄ¸ÉÈÅ£¬ÊÇÒòΪÓïÑÔѧϰÕßÔÚʹÓÃÄ¿±êÓïÑÔ
½»¼Êʱ£¬ÆÕ±éÇãÏò²ÉÓÃƪÕÂÊֶΡ£¢ÝÖ÷Ì⡪ÊöÓïµÄÓïÐòÔÚººÓïʹ
Óõ÷dz£Æձ飬¶øÇÒ˵ººÓïµÄÈ˽ÏÈÝÒ×ѧ»áSVO£¨Ö÷¶¯±ö£©Óï
Ðò£¬ËäÈ»»áºöÂÔÖ÷νºôÓ¦ (Krashen 1983)¡£Rutherford (1983)µÄµ÷
²é±íÃ÷£¬ÖйúÈËдµÄÖ÷Ìâ²»Ó붯´ÊºôÓ¦µÄ¾ä×ÓÕ¼10%£¬¶øÈÕ±¾ÈË
ºÍ³¯ÏÊÈ˵ÄÕâÑùµÄ¾ä×ÓÕ¼3%£¬°¢À­²®È˺ÍÎ÷°àÑÀÈ˵ÄÖ»Õ¼2%¡£Àý
(17a-b)ÊÇRutherfordÊÕ¼¯µÄÀý×Ó¡£
     (17) a. (All people can choose their mate in their own way.)
        These ways almost can classify two types.
          b. A man chooses a wife is a man's business.
Àý(17a)£¬Ö÷Ìâthese ways(ÕâЩ·½·¨)£¬ËäÈ»±»µ±×÷Ö÷Óµ«²¢²»ÊÇ
classify(·ÖÀà)µÄÊ©Ê£¬¾ä×Ó²»ºÏÓï·¨¡£¸ù¾ÝRutherford£¬ÕýÈ·µÄ¾ä
×ÓÓ¦¸ÃÊÇThese ways almost one can classify into two types¡£Àý
(17b)£¬´Ó¾äa man chooses a wifeÊÇÈ«¾äµÄÖ÷Ì⣬µ«ÊÇȴûÓÐÕýÈ·
µØ±»±êΪÖ÷ÓËùÒÔ½á¹ûµÄ¾ä×ÓÊÇ´í¾ä¡£±ÊÕßÒ²ÔøÕÒµ½Ò»¸öÀàËÆ
µÄ´í¾ä(18a)¡£
     (18) a. Here I want to mention my dormitory maybe was the
        cleanest one which was taken photos by the Organization.
          b. Here I want to mention that my dormitory maybe was
        the one and photos were taken by the Organization.
Àý(18a)ÖУ¬Ñ§ÉúÒÔmy dormitoryΪ¶¨Óï´Ó¾äµÄÖ÷Ì⣬²¢½«Æä±êΪ
Ö÷Ó½á¹ûÊÇ´íµÄ¡£ËûµÄÀÏʦ½«´í¾ä¸ÄΪ(18b)£¬ÆäÖеĴӾäÓÃ
photos×öÖ÷Óï¡£
     ¹ý¶àʹÓÃÖ÷ÌâÊöÓï½á¹¹£¬ËäÈ»µ¥¸ö¾ä×Ó·ûºÏÓï·¨£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÒ»
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ÌâÄ¿ÊÇMy Future Wife(ÎÒδÀ´µÄÆÞ×Ó)¡£
     (19) She is an able woman. At home, she can not only do all
        the household chores well but also put all the things in
        good order. After I enter into my house, I will see: in the
        dining room, hot food is serving on the table, and she is
        sitting at the table with a smile on her face waiting for
        me; in the sitting room, clothes are hanging on the
        clothes-rack....
Àý(19)ÖУ¬ÓÐËĸö²»ÊÇÖ÷ÓïµÄ¶ÌÓï·ÅÔÚ¾äÊ×£¬¼´Èý¸ö½é´Ê¶ÌÓï at
home£¬in the dining room, in the sitting room ºÍÒ»¸ö×´Óï´Ó¾ä
after I enter into my house¡£´ÓÓï·¨ÉÏ¿´£¬°ÑÕâЩ״Óï·ÅÔÚ¾äÊײ¢
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¶Ì¾äµÄÖ÷Ìâ·ÅÔÚ¾äÊ×£¬ÒÔ˵Ã÷È«¶ÎµÄÖ÷Ìâ my future wife(ÎÒδÀ´
µÄÆÞ×Ó)¡£È»¶ø£¬°ÑÕâÖÖÓïÐòÓÃÔÚÓ¢ÓïÀ¾Í²»»áÈ¡µÃͬÑùµÄЧ
¹û¡£
     ÓÐʱ£¬¼´Ê¹¸÷¾ä·ÅÔÚ¾äÊ×µÄÊÇͬһ¸öÖ÷Ì⣬Õû¸öÓïƪÔÚÓ¢Óï
ΪĸÓïµÄÈË¿´ÆðÀ´£¬Ò²»áÏԵñ¿ÖØ¡£Àý(20)ÊÇѧÉú×÷ÎĵĵÚÒ»¶Î£¬
ÓÉÓÚ¸ÃѧÉúµÄÃÀ¹úÀÏʦ³ýÁËÔÚhave to give it upÇ°±ß¼ÓÒ»¸ö´ú´ÊI
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     (20) I have smoked for more than two years. Now I really feel
        that smoking does harm my health and have to give it up.
        I never smoked before I entered college. I can tell you how
        I began to smoke. That was....
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     ¢ÚÀý¾äÕª×ÔºúÔ£Ê÷(1981:516)¡£
     ¢ÛBates¡¢MacWhinney(1982)̸µ½µÄÎåÏîÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬Ó¢ÓïµÄ¶¨
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     Bates, Elizabeth¡¢Brian MacWhinney(1982): ¡¶Functional
Approaches to Grammar¡·, Eric Wanner¡¢Lila R. GleitmanÖ÷±à
¡¶Language Acquisition: The State of Art¡·£¬½£ÇÅ´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬
173-218Ò³¡£
     Chafe, Wallace(1975)£º¡¶Givenness, Contrastiveness,
Definiteness, Subject, Topics, and Point of View¡·, ÀîÚ«±à
¡¶Subject and Topic¡·, New York: Academic Press, 25-55Ò³¡£
     Chu, Chauncey C. (Çü³Ðìä)(1984): ¡¶Topic, Anaphora, and
Subordination as Main Devices of Cohesion in ESL Writing¡·£¬
¼û¡¶English Teaching and Learning¡·34ÆÚ£¬36-50Ò³¡£
     Gass, Susan¡¢Larry Selinker(1983): ¡¶Language Transfer in
Language Learning¡·£¬Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers.
     Hu, Mingliang(ºúÃ÷ÁÁ)(1987)£º¡¶Definiteness and Word Order
in Mandarin Chinese¡·, 1987ÄêÖÐÎĽÌʦЭ»áÄê»áÂÛÎÄ¡£
     Hu, Mingliang(ºúÃ÷ÁÁ)(1989)£º¡¶Learning between Chinese
and English¡·, 1989ÄêÖÐÎĽÌʦЭ»áÄê»áÂÛÎÄ¡£
     ºúÔ£Ê÷(1981): ¡¶ÏÖ´úººÓï¡·£¬ÉϺ£½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç¡£
     Johns, Ann M. (1984): ¡¶Textual Cohesion and the Chinese
Speaker of English¡·£¬¼û¡¶Language Learning and Communi-
cation¡·µÚ3ÆÚ£¬1-92Ò³¡£
     Krashen, Stephen(1983):¡¶Newmark's "Ignorance Hypothesis"
and Current Second Language Acquisition Theory¡·£¬¼ûSusan
Gass¡¢Larry Selinker (1983), 135-151Ò³¡£
     Li, Charles N.(ÀîÚ«)¡¢Sandra A. Thompson(ÌÀɺµÏ) (1974):
¡¶The Semantic Function of Word Order: A Case Study in
Mandarin¡·£¬¼ûCharles N. Li¡¢Sandra A. Thompson±à¡¶Word
Order and Word Order Change¡·£¬Austin: University of Texas
Press.
     Rutherford, William E.(1983): ¡¶Language Typology and
Language Transfer¡·£¬¼ûSusan Gass¡¢Larry Selinker(1983),
358-370Ò³¡£
     Trevise, Anne(1986): ¡¶Is It Transferable, Topicalization?¡·£¬
¼ûEric Kellerman¡¢Michael Sharwood±à¡¶Crosslinguistic
Influence in Second Language Acquisition¡·£¬New York:
Pergamon Press. 186-206Ò³¡£
     ÍõÁ¦(1980)£º¡¶ººÓïÊ·¸å¡·£¬±±¾©ÖлªÊé¾Ö¡£

£¨Ó¢ÎÄÔ­ÎÄÔø·¢±íÓÚÃÀ¹ú¡¶ÖÐÎĽÌʦЭ»á»á¿¯¡·1992Äê2/3ÔÂ
µÚ1/2ÆÚ£¬71-84Ò³£¬Òë³ÉÖÐÎÄʱÓиĶ¯£©

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